Module
Basics & methodology
Leads, recording, Cabrera format and systematic interpretation.
one learning unit
Library
All tracks at a glance
Clinical ECG Interpretation
From the 12-lead ECG to acute findings — systematic and criterion-driven.
Module
Acute coronary syndromes
STEMI, NSTEMI, Wellens, Sgarbossa, OMI/NOMI — recognise and classify.
2 learning units
Module
12-lead resting ECG: practical guide
Practical wiki-style guide for ward, ED and diagnostic lab — from preparation to structured report.
7 learning units
- 7 min
Indications, preparation & skin prep
When to do a resting ECG, how to prepare the patient, four steps to clean skin prep.
- 9 min
Electrode placement & additional leads
IEC colour code, V1–V6 (Wilson), women under the breast, V3R/V4R, V7–V9, Lewis.
- 6 min
Device settings & filters
Paper speed, gain, diagnostic bandwidth 0.05–150 Hz and its pitfalls.
- 14 min
Systematic interpretation in 10 steps
Quality → rate → rhythm → axis → intervals → P → QRS → ST → T → U/synthesis.
- 10 min
STEMI, equivalents & Sgarbossa
Localisation, De-Winter, Wellens, left main, Sgarbossa-Smith.
- 12 min
Bundle/AV blocks & tachyarrhythmias
LBBB/RBBB/LAFB/LPFB, AV blocks, AF, SVT, VT, long QT, WPW, Brugada.
- 9 min
Pitfalls, artifacts & report
Lead reversals, V1/V2 too high, filter errors, tremor pseudo-flutter, report blocks.
Clinical echocardiography
From ultrasound physics to complex valvular disease.
Module
Ultrasound fundamentals
Wave physics, transducers, image optimisation, modalities.
one learning unit
Module
Standard TTE examination
Practical manual for a guideline-compliant TTE — positioning to report, with ASE/EACVI/DGK cut-offs.
6 learning units
- 8 min
Preparation & device setup
Positioning, ECG triggering, adult preset, knobology and ergonomics.
- 11 min
Probe handling & parasternal views
Four motions, PLAX/RV-in-out/PSAX in four planes.
- 9 min
Apical views & foreshortening
A4C, A5C, A2C, APLAX — measurement set, GLS basis, foreshortening pitfall.
- 10 min
Subcostal, suprasternal & Doppler
Emergency/IAS window, aortic arch, PW/CW/Color/TDI with the three iron rules.
- 14 min
Reference values, dataset & valvular disease
LV/LA/RV reference values, RAP, aorta, Nagueh diastology, AS/MS/MR/AI/TR cut-offs.
- 10 min
Structured report & pitfalls
Report structure, 17-segment model, LVOT error, foreshortening, indications for TEE/CMR/stress.
Module
Ventricular function in depth
Right heart assessment and regional LV function with figures from the collection.
2 learning units
Invasive electrophysiology
Classic pacing manoeuvres in the EP lab — which manoeuvre separates AVNRT, AVRT and atrial tachycardia, and what does it actually prove?
Module
EP lab fundamentals
Catheter positions, signal channels, measurement points and programmed stimulation as the baseline protocol.
3 learning units
- 12 min
Signals, CS sequence & measurement points
CS layout and atrial activation sequence, VA/AH/HV — which signal starts and ends each interval.
- 9 min
AVNRT: mechanism & original tracing
Slow-fast reentry, induction and limits of individual diagnostic signs.
- 15 min
Programmed stimulation: jump, ERP, Wenckebach, VA
AH jump and echo, AVNERP versus atrial refractoriness, Wenckebach point, retrograde VA sequence and decrement.
Module
Ventricular overdrive pacing
Entrainment from the ventricle: principle, response patterns, measurements and fusion analysis.
4 learning units
- 11 min
Entrainment: principle & validity
Excitable gap, orthodromic and antidromic wavefronts — and whether the manoeuvre is interpretable at all.
- 13 min
Response patterns: A–H, A–A–H and pseudo-V–A–A–V
The return His decides, not the visible order — the two classic pseudo-VAAV traps.
- 17 min
SA−VA, PPI−TCL, cPPI, ΔHA & differential entrainment
The five measurements after valid entrainment — definitions, classic cut-offs and their limits.
- 11 min
QRS fusion & early atrial reset
Stable manifest fusion as evidence of ventricular involvement, and atrial reset in the transition zone.
Module
Extrastimuli, termination & supplementary criteria
His-refractory PVCs, termination and dissociation, retrograde conduction without SVT, atrial manoeuvres and the classic adjunct signs.
3 learning units
- 14 min
His-refractory PVC, termination & dissociation
Reset and termination by the His-refractory PVC, the last VOP beat, and what A- or V-dissociation rules out.
- 17 min
Para-Hisian pacing & atrial manoeuvres
Retrograde conduction without SVT, VAI, AOP with VA linking, A–H–A versus A–H–H–A, and His-refractory APBs.
- 9 min
Coumel's sign & preexcitation index
Two classic adjunct criteria — what they deliver, and why an unchanged TCL does not exclude AVRT.
Cardiac catheterization
Coronary angiography, right heart hemodynamics and PCI: procedural steps, complex lesions, complications and equipment.
Module
Coronary angiography
From spatial anatomy to a reliable report — with interactive projection training.
3 learning units
Module
Invasive hemodynamics
Measurement quality before thresholds: pressures, cardiac output and resistance.
one learning unit
Module
PCI: procedural steps & measurements
PCI Manual, Part A: monitoring, coronary physiology and intravascular imaging based on videos and original slides.
3 learning units
- 8 min
Monitoring in the catheterization laboratory
Monitor the patient, ECG, pressure waveform and equipment position together.
- 10 min
Coronary physiology: FFR, iFR & measurement quality
Understand pressure indices, check equalization and drift, and distinguish focal from diffuse pressure loss.
- 9 min
IVUS & OCT: questions and limitations
Match imaging modality to the question and interpret stent expansion, apposition and artifacts.
Module
PCI: complex lesions
PCI Manual, Part B: understand complex lesion subsets and adapt strategy to anatomy and risk.
3 learning units
- 10 min
Bifurcations: strategy & side branch
Medina classification, side branch relevance, provisional strategy and proximal optimization.
- 11 min
CTO: planning & strategy changes
Indication, anatomical planning and strategy changes illustrated by two original CTO cases.
- 10 min
Calcification: assessment & lesion preparation
Distinguish device crossing, calcium morphology and expansion before stent implantation.
Module
PCI: complications
PCI Manual, Part C: recognize warning signs, distinguish mechanisms and understand treatment priorities.
one learning unit
Module
PCI: equipment
PCI Manual, Part D: equipment properties, compatibility and device-specific limitations.
one learning unit
Device interrogation
Systematic pacemaker, ICD and CRT interrogation and interpretation.
Module
Systematic checks & signals
Assess findings systematically and interpret them in clinical context.
2 learning units
Module
Episodes & CRT
Assess findings systematically and interpret them in clinical context.
2 learning units
Module
Trends & troubleshooting
Assess findings systematically and interpret them in clinical context.
one learning unit